X Lay crossed
Lay crossed · Estado superficial · ISO 1101 + ASME Y14.5
Example in plan
How to interpret it
On the drawing, “Ra 0.4 with lay X” states a lay crossed requirement.
What controls
Lay symbol requiring a crosshatch pattern, with marks in two directions overlapping to form a grid, normally inclined to the line representing the surface in the view where the callout appears. It is the characteristic pattern of operations such as cylinder liner honing and some grinding processes, and its most common function is to retain lubricant at the crossing points while maintaining continuous bearing area between them.
How to verify
Visual inspection under grazing light or with a magnifier to confirm that both sets of marks are present and cross uniformly; in demanding applications the crosshatch angle is measured on a magnified image of the surface. Roughness is measured in several directions because there is no single clear perpendicular, and the worst case is evaluated against the drawing limit.
Common mistakes when interpreting it
- Trying to reproduce it with a unidirectional operation and accepting the surface because Ra is within limits.
- Touching up the surface by hand after the operation that generates the pattern.
- Measuring roughness in a single direction as if there were one unique perpendicular to the lay.
How to get it in the workshop / if it comes out of tolerance
It does not happen by accident: it requires a specific operation that combines rotation and axial stroke, such as honing, or grinding with cross feed. If the drawing calls for a crossed lay, the surface cannot be finished with simple unidirectional turning or milling. On liners and guideways, the crosshatch angle is usually part of the requirement and depends on the ratio between rotational speed and stroke rate.
Irregular pattern or marks in one direction only: check the ratio between rotation and stroke in the operation, which is what generates the crosshatch. If the surface retains oil poorly despite having the pattern, check the angle and depth of the marks, not just that they are there. A later touch-up with abrasive paper destroys the pattern and the function along with it.
Related symbols
Other symbols in Surface texture
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