Calculadora de Revoluciones por Minuto (RPM) en Fresado
Optimize your machining processes with our online cutting parameters calculator. Select the operation type (turning, milling, drilling or threading) and instantly get the critical calculations for your shop: cutting speed (Vc), revolutions per minute (RPM), feed per revolution or per tooth, machining time and the theoretical roughness (Ra / Rz) based on the insert nose radius. To fine-tune those values live at the machine, use the interactive machining calculator.
Calculadora de corte
What operation are you going to mechanize?
What do you want to calculate?
Introduce Vc y diámetro
Fórmula
Resultado
RPM calculadas
0rpm
Donde Vc es la velocidad de corte en m/min y D es el diámetro de la pieza, fresa o broca en milímetros (mm).
Recommended material (optional)
Expand to see ranges by material, tool, cut type and shop pace.
Recommended material (optional)
Expand to see ranges by material, tool, cut type and shop pace.
Do you want to adjust these values live?
Here you get the recommendation (Vc, feed, roughness, threading). In the interactive machining calculator you can move Vc, diameter, RPM and feed with linked scales, locks and time/power estimation.
Open interactive calculator →Cutting speed and feed tables by material
These indicative tables help you choose a cutting speed for F-114 steel, stainless steel, cast iron or aluminium before fine-tuning with the calculator. The ranges depend on rigidity, coolant, depth of cut, tool grade, coating and the machine's real condition.
| Material | Lathe HSS Vc | Lathe carbide Vc | Milling HSS Vc | Milling carbide Vc | Technical note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steels (F-114 / C45 / 1.1191) | 20-35 m/min | 120-220 m/min | 18-30 m/min | 100-180 m/min | Reduce Vc for heavy roughing or parts with scale. |
| Alloyed and pre-treated steels | 12-25 m/min | 80-160 m/min | 10-22 m/min | 70-140 m/min | Use low values for high hardness or interrupted cuts. |
| Austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304 / 316) | 8-18 m/min | 70-150 m/min | 8-16 m/min | 60-130 m/min | Avoid rubbing; Maintain sufficient advance and stable cooling. |
| gray cast iron | 18-30 m/min | 120-250 m/min | 15-28 m/min | 100-220 m/min | Usually machined dry with suitable inserts. |
| Aluminium and non-ferrous alloys | 60-120 m/min | 300-800 m/min | 50-100 m/min | 250-700 m/min | Use a sharp edge, clear chips and avoid built-up edge. |
| Material | Turning f | Milling fz | Drilling f |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steels | 0.10-0.35 mm/vuelta | 0.03-0.12 mm/diente | 0.08-0.25 mm/vuelta |
| Stainless steel | 0.08-0.25 mm/vuelta | 0.025-0.10 mm/diente | 0.05-0.18 mm/vuelta |
| gray cast iron | 0.12-0.40 mm/vuelta | 0.04-0.16 mm/diente | 0.10-0.30 mm/vuelta |
| Aluminium | 0.12-0.50 mm/vuelta | 0.04-0.25 mm/diente | 0.10-0.35 mm/vuelta |
Use the low values for HSS, light machines, long parts or weak clamping. Use the high values with carbide, good chip evacuation, adequate coolant and a rigid machine.
Are you looking for the complete sheet of a specific material?
Chemical composition, density, strength, hardness, weldability, common uses and machining notes for over 160 materials — searchable by EN, DIN, AISI/SAE, AMS, ASTM, UNE, JIS, GB/T, GOST and trade names.
See Materials Catalog →Practical Guide: How to Calculate Cutting Parameters in Machining?
Success in chip-removal machining (whether on CNC or conventional machines) depends on choosing speeds and feeds correctly. Factors such as the workpiece material, the tool type (tungsten carbide, HSS) and the coolant define the working limits.
1. Turning: Cutting Speed (Vc) and RPM
In turning, the workpiece rotates and the tool advances linearly. To calculate the revolutions per minute (RPM) required from the cutting speed recommended by the insert manufacturer, the basic machining formula is used:
n = (Vc x 1000) / (pi x Dm)
Where Dm is the machined diameter in millimetres. Remember that in facing or taper cuts the diameter varies, which is why modern CNC lathes use the Constant Cutting Speed (G96) to adapt the RPM dynamically.
Related calculators: RPM in turning · Cutting speed in turning
2. Milling: Feed per Tooth (fz) and Feed Rate (F)
Unlike the lathe, on a milling machine it is the tool that rotates. When calculating feed, it is vital to distinguish between feed per revolution (fn) and feed per tooth (fz). The total table feed of the machine (F in mm/min) is obtained by multiplying the RPM (n) by the number of flutes or teeth of the cutter (z) and by the feed per tooth:
F = n x fz x z
Related calculators: Feed in milling · RPM in milling
3. Drilling and Tapping: Precision in the Pilot Hole
To run a drill bit made of carbide or high-speed steel, the feed is directly tied to the tool diameter to avoid deflection or breakage. In the case of rigid tapping , the machine feed is strictly governed by the thread pitch. Any error in synchronising RPM and feed will destroy the thread flank or snap the tap inside the part.
Related calculators: RPM in drilling · Synchronized feed in threading
4. Theoretical Roughness Calculation (Ra and Rz) in Finishing
What surface quality will your piece have? The finish or theoretical surface roughness in turning and milling operations depends on a direct relationship between the feed per revolution (f) and the tool nose radius (re). The formula to estimate the maximum roughness (Rz) is:
Rz = (f^2) / (8 x re) x 1000 micras
To achieve a low arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) — a mirror finish — you must reduce the feed or increase the insert nose radius, always making sure no vibration appears due to lack of machine rigidity.
Related calculators: Ra roughness in turning · Ra roughness in milling
Frequently Asked Questions about Cutting Parameters and Machining
What happens if the cutting speed (Vc) is too high?
Si excedes la velocidad de corte recomendada por el fabricante, la temperatura en el filo de la plaquita aumentará drásticamente. Esto provoca un desgaste prematuro por difusión, deformación plástica del filo y, en el peor de los casos, la rotura catastrófica de la herramienta de carburo o HSS.
How does feed (f) influence chip control?
El avance determina el espesor de la viruta. Un avance demasiado bajo genera virutas largas e hilos peligrosos que pueden enredarse en la pieza o el utillaje, además de provocar fricción y endurecimiento térmico. Un avance óptimo rompe la viruta en forma de "C" o "6", garantizando la seguridad del proceso CNC.
What is the difference between feed per revolution (fn) and feed per tooth (fz)?
El avance por revolución (fn) es la distancia que avanza la herramienta por cada vuelta completa de la pieza en torno o de la herramienta en fresa. El avance por diente (fz) es la carga real de material que corta cada labio de una fresa. Para calcular el avance total en fresado, necesitas multiplicar el fz por el número de dientes de la herramienta.
How is machining time calculated?
El tiempo de mecanizado principal se calcula dividiendo la longitud total del corte, incluyendo la entrada y salida de la herramienta, entre la velocidad de avance de la máquina (F en mm/min). La fórmula básica es: Tiempo (min) = Longitud (mm) / Avance (mm/min).
Why doesn't the actual roughness of the part match the theoretical roughness (Ra)?
La calculadora determina la rugosidad teórica basándose en el avance y el radio de la plaquita. Sin embargo, en el taller influyen factores reales como la falta de rigidez de la máquina, las vibraciones del voladizo de la herramienta, el desgaste del filo, el material exacto de la pieza y la eficacia del líquido refrigerante.
How to adjust the speed and feed to eliminate vibrations in the piece?
La regla general para reducir el chatter o vibración es disminuir la velocidad de corte (Vc) y aumentar ligeramente el avance (f). También es crítico asegurar que el radio de la plaquita no sea mayor que la profundidad de pasada (Ap) para evitar que la herramienta empuje la pieza en lugar de cortarla.
Turning: When to use constant cutting speed (G96) vs. fixed RPM (G97)?
Activa G96 para operaciones de cilindrado y refrentado, ya que el control ajustará las RPM automáticamente según el diámetro para mantener un acabado uniforme. Usa G97, RPM fijas, obligatoriamente para operaciones en el centro de rotación como taladrado, roscado con macho, o al mecanizar roscas con cuchilla para no perder el sincronismo del paso.
What parameter should I modify if the insert wears very quickly or burns?
Si el filo presenta desgaste de flanco rápido o deformación plástica, el principal culpable suele ser una velocidad de corte (Vc) excesiva y debes reducirla. Si por el contrario el material se queda pegado al filo, formando filo de aportación, significa que la temperatura es muy baja y necesitas aumentar la Vc.
What feed (F) should I program for a threading operation?
En operaciones de roscado rígido o con cuchilla, el avance programado (F) debe ser siempre exactamente igual al paso de la rosca. Por ejemplo, para una rosca métrica M20x2.5, el avance será F2.5 independientemente de las revoluciones (RPM) a las que gire el husillo.
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