R MIN Minimum casting fillet radius
Minimum casting fillet radius · Fundición (ISO 10135) · ISO 1101
Example in plan
How to interpret it
On the drawing, “R3 MIN on all internal corners not otherwise indicated” states a minimum casting fillet radius requirement.
What controls
Minimum internal radius at the junctions between walls of the casting. It has a process reason (a sharp corner concentrates heat, solidifies late and causes shrinkage and cracks) and a structural one (it reduces stress concentration in service). It is dimensioned as a minimum value, often in a general note covering all undimensioned internal corners. It says nothing about corners that are machined afterward, which carry the radius left by the tool.
How to verify
Radius gauges placed in the corner, which is the practical option on a cast surface, or comparison of the part scan against the model when the radius is large or the area is hard to reach. On a rough surface the gauge rests on the peaks, so it is best to check at several points along the junction and take the worst case.
Workshop guideline values
- General
- Radii on the order of 3–6 mm at wall junctions in sand castings.
- Accuracy
- Radii on the order of 2–3 mm with finer molding processes.
- High precision
- Smaller radii only with investment casting or die casting, where the mold can reproduce them.
Guidance only: the drawing's value always wins.
Common mistakes when interpreting it
- Reading it as a nominal radius instead of a minimum: a larger radius is usually acceptable, a smaller one is not.
- Applying the cast radius to corners that are machined afterward, where the tool radius and the drawing callout govern.
- Rounding by hand with a file or grinder to meet the note, leaving a transition that is neither measurable nor uniform.
How to get it in the workshop / if it comes out of tolerance
When machining a cavity in a casting, keep in mind that the existing cast radius may be larger than your end mill's and leave material in the bottom of the corner, or the other way around. If the drawing also requires a minimum radius in the machined area, choose the tool accordingly: a smaller-radius cutter leaves a sharper corner than permitted.
Cracks or shrinkage right at a wall junction: the radius is insufficient or the section change is too abrupt, and it is corrected on the pattern. If the drawing requires a minimum radius on a machined corner and the tool does not produce it, change tools before running the lot. Never round an internal corner by hand to meet a minimum radius: it is neither repeatable nor measurable.
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